April 6, 2008 – 3:19 pm
When a cell divides, the DNA in that cell is copied and passed on to the new cell. But the DNA in any one cell can become damaged. Pieces of the instructions on the genes can get knocked out or changed – mutated.
If this mutation occurs in the wrong place – in an active gene, for instance – it can disrupt the function of the cell, causing it to die.
Your beautiful body includes a regulatory system that is mind-boggling. For example, when you get a simple cut on your hand, your cells go to work to repair the damage. When enough cells have gathered around the cut to heal it, the cells stop dividing. Ever wonder why? Because there is a “suicide gene†in the DNA which says “Enough, already.â€
Not only is the total number of cells kept in check, but also “proofreader†genes in the DNA look for mutations. When they find one, they either fix it or kill the cell. They are on duty 24/7. Isn’t this stuff amazing?
Your immune system also kills off these damaged cells by the millions every day. It is your second line of defense against mutated cells.
If the mutation happens, however, in a portion of the cell’s DNA that controls cell growth, i.e. an “oncogene,†the result is a rapidly growing and dividing cell – out of control – or what we call “cancer.â€
The cell has lost its “suicide†function. The “proofreader†gene missed the mistake. Your immune system is too weak to provide its normal second line of defense. Result: The Big C.
The mutated cells usually travel to the weakest and most highly stressed organ in your body (in a process that is poorly understood) and you have a tumor. The cancer tumor grows because the “daughter†cells inherit the same mutation.
How do these mutations occur? Two ways:
- One One is a random mistake in the DNA duplication process. Not much chance for you to control this. But not much reason for concern, either. The cell cycle controllers (proofreaders and suicide genes) and your immune system kill these “mistakes†as soon as they happen.
- The The second way is damage to the DNA caused by “free radicals†or other irritants like radiation.
Tags: cancer caused by mutations, cancer process, damage cell, division problems of cell, DNA duplication process, free radicals, How do these mutations occur
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